Christian Truth About Christ s Nature And Birth - 987 Words

Through the Christmas sermons of Pope Leo the Great the faithful are instructed about a variety of topics ranging from the salvation of all through the Incarnate Word to the denial of various heresies such as Arianism and Manichaeism. While Leo enumerates different points in his sermons, a few themes lend themselves to answering the question, â€Å"who is Christ.† Discussion of the Incarnation is inherently present in these sermons because they are given at the joyful feast of the Nativity, but this subject is of great importance to Leo in reference to the denial of the Christian truth about Christ’s nature and birth. In reference to the Incarnation, Leo highlights the fact the Word Incarnate has two full natures in one hypostasis and this is found most prominent in the sermons because Leo is responding to challenges of Christ’s fully being God and fully man but devoid of the taint of sin, and the denial of Mary as theotokos by Nestorius. These sermons give Le o space to denounce falsehoods about Christ and reaffirm the reality of a dual natured hypostatic union who came as the salvation for the sins of Adam and all after him. In the context of rejoicing during the Christmas season and announcing the greatness of the saving birth of the Christ, Leo the Great sets out to disclaim the heretical teachings plaguing the Church and proclaim the fundamental Christian view of Christ being fully man and fully God in one hypostatic union; Leo answers the question of who is Christ.Show MoreRelatedThe Doctrine Of The Christian Church1188 Words   |  5 Pagesresolve issues presented by their clientele. Though believers in Jesus Christ are given the title of â€Å"Christian,† being a Christian is not necessarily a professional title. and quite often there is a need to answer pointed questions in order to adequately defend the Christian faith. 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What does chapter one of “The Spire” reveal about Jocelin and his attitude to other people Free Essays

How does Golding’s language reveal the extent to which he deceives himself? The first chapter of William Golding’s novel â€Å"The Spire† reveals much about Jocelin’s attitude to the people around him and also the contrary view that others hold about it. The language Golding uses highlights Jocelin’s delusions and shows the reader just how much he deceives himself. Throughout the first chapter we are introduced to many of the people that Jocelin encounters on a daily basis. We will write a custom essay sample on What does chapter one of â€Å"The Spire† reveal about Jocelin and his attitude to other people? or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the first characters to appear is Goody Pangall, who Jocelin views as his ‘daughter in God’. This phrase shows how much Jocelin admires Goody and, at first, appears to simply demonstrate more of Jocelin’s loving nature. However, after reading the following paragraph where he watches her walking away from him ‘with love and a little disappointment’, it becomes clear that the sentence holds more meaning than just showing his fondness. It shows up Jocelin’s somewhat obsessive character, suggesting he views Goody as being flawless and that he has idealised her to the point where he can imagine her as God’s daughter. As Jocelin thinks ‘my daughter’ it becomes apparent that he has deceived himself into thinking that he loves Goody as if she were just his daughter but Golding makes it clear to the reader that this is not true. As the paragraph continues it is revealed just how much Jocelin is infatuated with Goody for example, when she does not follow the same routine as usual, he has to ‘glimpse the long, sweet face’ as she turns away from him. Golding’s use of the word ‘glimpse’ suggests that Jocelin is purposely looking out for her ‘sweet face’. Golding repeats this word later in the paragraph ‘got a glimpse of green dress’, this too implies that Jocelin is trying to see more of Goody. The fact that Golding has given Goody Pangall a ‘green dress’ under her ‘grey cloak’ and ‘wimple’ makes her more of a distraction for Jocelin and it give the impression that he waits each day to catch a ‘glimpse’ of her exotic, colourful interior under her seemingly plain, dull exterior. It also shows the reader that Jocelin is looking at Goody with a masculine gaze, trying to see her passionate side instead of the pure and obliging woman that she must present to society. During the first chapter Goody Pangall is only referred to as ‘Pangall’s wife’. Withholding her name allows Golding to deny Goody her own identity and personality, turning her into a possession rather than an individual person. As Jocelin thinks of her as ‘Pangall’s wife’ it may be that he is trying to remind himself that she is married and the fact Jocelin feels the need to remind himself that she is married and that he cannot have her shows that he does not love her solely as a ‘daughter’. A reason the Jocelin is so attracted to Goody Pangall is that she is quiet and she knows her place in society as, at the time the novel is set, society is extremely patriarchal. This is emphasised by Jocelin’s thought that Goody ‘is entirely woman’ solely because of what he calls ‘foolish’ ‘childish curiosity’. This language shows that he recognises her ‘foolish’ ways as only applicable to women, if he was to show any curiosity it would not be classed as ‘foolish’ as he would, as a man, have a legitimate reason for it. Although Jocelin recognises her ‘folly’ he does not reprimand her, telling himself that ‘that is a matter for Pangall or Father Anselm’. Golding has written this to remind the reader that Jocelin does not want to recognise any of Goody Pangall’s faults as then not only would she not be perfect, but he would probably upset her and he does not want to do anything to hurt Goody. When Goody has left the church Golding turns the reader’s attention to Gilbert, ‘the dumb man’. With Jocelin’s first words to Gilbert, ‘I think he made you choose me, Gilbert’, Golding subtly reminds the reader that Jocelin is a man of God and that he has immense faith in Him. This contrasts with the previous paragraph about Goody Pangall where it seemed that Jocelin had become so immersed in his thoughts about her that he had forgotten about who, and where, he was. Gilbert has many of the same qualities as Goody Pangall. He is quiet and does not interfere with Jocelin’s plans for the spire, instead he agrees with everything Jocelin suggests. In a peculiar way Gilbert has every characteristic that people expected of a woman in those times and this is probably why Jocelin is so fond of him. As Gilbert does not, or more precisely cannot, object to any of Jocelin’s remark or aspirations Jocelin is more comfortable around him. Unlike the chancellor, Pangall and others in the church, Gilbert is the one person who does not have any objections to the spire and Jocelin’s delusions that God will perform a miracle in allowing it to be built. Therefore Jocelin need not be guarded around Gilbert for he knows that Gilbert will not confront him about the near non-existent foundations like the chancellor does ‘I don’t know, my Lord Dean’. That Jocelin likes to be around people who do not query him reveals that he likes to have control of the situation that he is in, and that he needs to be right. Golding has created Jocelin as a rather selfish character, he wants to build the spire and is determined to do so as, he believes, ‘God will provide’. However, Jocelin has become so absorbed with the detail and planning required and is so inspired by the grandeur that he is certain the spire will provide for the cathedral that he does not pause to think about the effects of the building on his friends. Golding uses subtle phrases and words to show this egotism such as ‘my place, my house, my people’ and ‘I know them all, know what they are doing and will do’. These two sentences show that Jocelin sees the people around him as a means to building the spire and does not want to associate with them unless they support him or provide a skill that will build the spire. Jocelin does not see his actions as self-centred, he sees himself as a man who loves everyone and Golding frequently mentions what Jocelin sees as agape love, ‘he shot an arrow of love after him’, ‘Jocelin looked sideways at him, loving him’. The reader is shown how Jocelin’s aspirations for the spire are damaging his relationships with others by the deacons scathing insults. The remark ‘say what you like, he’s proud’ is met with the reply ‘and ignorant’. These simple comments hold a huge amount of meaning, for deacons to talk about their dean in such a derogatory manner, especially in the cathedral itself, shows that Jocelin really is pursuing an impossible and ludicrous goal. When Jocelin overhears this conversation he confronts the deacons asking ‘who is this poor fellow? ‘. To the reader it is obvious they were talking of Jocelin but Jocelin himself is so engrossed in his thoughts that it does not occur to him that they could be discussing him. Before Jocelin approaches the deacons they remark ‘he thinks he is a saint! A man like that! ‘, Golding’s use of exclamation marks after these statements makes them even more prominent and what they are suggesting more absurd. For a dean in a church to be thought of as a ridiculous candidate for being a saint indicates to the reader that Jocelin’s actions are extremely inappropriate for a man of his importance in the church. A man like that! ‘ shows that the deacons do not look up to Jocelin as a role model nor do they respect him. It also proves that Jocelin thinks highly of himself, he does not even consider for a moment that the deacons are talking about him as he believes his to too high in the church and too respected for anyone to think of him as ‘ignorant’, let alone voice their views. Another example of Jocelin’s pride in himself comes when he meets with Gilbert again. Jocelin asks Gilbert to show him the carving and exclaims, ‘Oh no, no no! I’m not as beaky as that! ‘. This denial shows that Jocelin has an exact idea of what he believes he looks like in the same way that he believes he knows what people think of him. After studying the carving further Jocelin ‘fell silent’, this silence may be because he has realised that actually the carving does resemble him, ‘mouth wide open, lined cheeks, hollow deep under cheekbone’. Golding is also suggesting to the reader tat in chasing his dream of the spire Jocelin has neglected not only his relationships with others but himself as well, allowing himself to become older and more dishevelled. Golding has taken the idea of Jocelin becoming lost in his vision by giving Jocelin the thought ‘at the moment of vision, the eyes see nothing’, a phrase completely suited to Jocelin and his situation. Overall, chapter one reveals to the reader that Jocelin has allowed himself become so absorbed into his vision of the spire that he has begun to ignore the people around him and to avoid them if they disagree with him or criticise his dream. It gives a great insight into Jocelin’s thoughts and other’s perceptions, showing the reader that most people in the church have started to see Jocelin as a person to ridicule as he is so self-involved that he will not notice. Golding’s language helps to expose Jocelin’s self-important views making them stand out and his continual use of the words ‘joy’ and ‘love’ in Jocelin’s thoughts emphasise the fact that he believes he is blessed with the task to build the spire whereas the reader can see that it is more of a curse as it is beginning, even in the first chapter, to damage not only his relationships but his wellbeing too. How to cite What does chapter one of â€Å"The Spire† reveal about Jocelin and his attitude to other people?, Papers

Modern Poetry and Fiction Analysis of the Selected Poems Essay Example For Students

Modern Poetry and Fiction: Analysis of the Selected Poems Essay Eliot has depended for his source on two seminal contemporary works- Freezers Golden Bough, and Jessie L. Weston From Ritual to Romance. While the first deals with the myth of the Fertility cults which formed an integral part of Eastern civilization; the second one describes the Legend of the Holy Grail. Len both the stories there is a sequester who seeks to release the waste land from the curse it is suffering from. The first section titled Burial of the Dead, begins with the narrative voice of Thirties , voicing the condition and ethos of the inhabitants of the waste land. They consider April to be the cruelest month , because they do not wish to be awakened from their death-like existence into a meaningful living. They like the winter because nothing grows , and nobody lives. The character of Thirties is omniscient through out the poem, for he is the poets mouthpiece as well as commentator of the deterioration the world is witnessing in terms of moral and ethical values. Another character introduced in the same sector is Madame Strokes, the clairvoyant , who predicts the future, using a pack of Tarot cards. As she too is an inhabitant of the wasteland, she cannot see the hanged Man, Just like she warns the Phoenician sailor to fear death by water. But unlike the Fertility myths, that necessitated the death by drowning of the God who would then release the land from its curse of sterility,here nothing like this is promised. This section has reference to two more violent deaths: that of the Austrian Empress, Marie Avatars, who was killed for having loved Archduke Rudolph. Also mentioned in the same section is the death of Archduke Ludwig who due to mental illness, drowned himself in lake Strangeness near Munich. The second section titled. A Game of Chess elaborates on the Modern Selected Wolf AR By Annoyance XSL. _r , c:sees. Immorality and sexual indiscipline that had become the norm of life society. The section ironically describes an exotic bed chamber of a waiting for her client or lover, who makes no commitments whats Belladonna , the lady of situations. She is representatives the mode has no qualms in entering into brief sexual flings with strangers. T laxity is Juxtaposed with the story of Phloem of the Greek mythology have been raped by King Uterus and the outraged maiden then chi nightingale, so great was her sorrow. She then chose to inhabit the sang into the desert air with her inviolable voice. The second sec he reference to another couple of modern Europe: Ill and Albert. L friend to fix her bad teeth and hair as her husband wood be return army service. We are given to understand that her present condition repeated abortions she has gone through. Len the brief dialogue be are given a glimpse into their loveless marital relationship: both bal You know nothing.. See nothing.. Remember nothing.. The HTH The Fire Sermon, once again uses the first person narrative. The vii Thirties. After the first section, he seems thieve traveled the entire Europe as well as other parts of the world. He comments on the IM inhabiting the city of London. The characters Mrs.. Porter and her introduced. Both are very much the women of twentieth century E dwells on the fire of lust consuming the human beings. Eliot mentis modern nymphs who come to spend the weekend with their boyfriend directors. The picnic on the boat sailing down Thames ironically race of Earl of Leister and his maiden as told by Spencer in his poem Propitiation. Unlike the Renaissance interlude, there is no mention between the men and women enjoying the outing on River Theme weekend is over all that remains is The river tent .. Broken.. The nymphs.. Parted. Alt is the same casualness with which the typist section puts a record on the gramophone after her indulging in a with a stranger, who is her client. Just as is the pattern in the earlier poem, Eliot alludes to the past in order to emphasiz e the decadence modern existence. Therefore in this section too, there is reference of Song. The reference is from the lives of the Rhine Daughters as toll opera. We are told about their sexual exploitation at the hands of RI men. This section ends with a supreme example of the one person change himself totally from a sinner to a saintSaint Augustine. Thirties mentions the death of another character who had been me first section by Madame Strokes. She had warned him of dying in tragedy of Pebbles the Phoenician is told in a very matter -of-fact the end of all of us , even if we are tall and handsome as the Ph section is aptly titled Death by Water. His drowning is a parallel to drowned God of the fertility cult. But whereas in the cult, the ritual god is a symbol of mans sins being washed away , leaving him to r regenerate into a sinless life; no such regeneration is offered by the Pebbles. This is because, he is an inhabitant of the waste land and even to materialism, profit motive and lust. The last section titled What the Thunder Said has the narrative voice of Thirties who has traveled both through time and distance to reach a conclusion. The solution offered is by God who is symbolized by thunder. Debugging of the section describes the passion, agony, and death of the Son of God. The Strengthens drama is briefly outlined in choice phrases such as sweaty faces, stony silence, the reverberation. From the Christian ideology , the poet moves to the Goddess Gang who is believed by Hindus to be on earth in the form of river Gang/ Ganges. The poet in this way makes a smooth switch from western aesthetics to Eastern aesthetics. The Banished tenets of charity . Sympathy, and self control is taken as the golden law to achieve peace on earth. It is the Shanties that has been similarly promised by Christ when he talks of the peace that passage human understanding. 2. Critical Appreciation of Yeats poem The Second Coming This is a modernist poem that was published in about the same time as Elites poem The Wasteland. Therefore the idea of chaotic conditions in post war Europe is further poetries by the Irish poet, Yeats, through unique symbols and images. This poem is more than a literary work: it transcends the boundaries of literature and becomes a apocalyptic vision of impending violence and destruction on the world. The Second Coming mentioned in the Book of Revelations, of the New Testament Bible is a promise to the followers of Christ of his eventual return to the earth to establish a good and positive world. But Yeats deliberately subverts this concept in the wake of the World war as well as other wars in the world at that time such as the Russian Revolution, Japanese invasion of China. He states emphatically hat the second coming of Christ would necessarily be preceded by the birth of the anti-Christ. The antithetical and tactical was a natural order of things, both in the individual as well as the world. Consequently the lord of Destruction would be born in Bethlehem, because that was the place that saw the birth of Christ, who stood for peace and love among all things living and non-living in the world. This is the theme of the poem. Yeats was a Symbolist poet who believed in the use of symbols to convey great truths and insights much more than ordinary lyrical or felicitous phrases. His poems are remarkable for the symbols he has employed to convey esoteric truths. A study of this poem therefore requires a knowledge of the philosophy of Yeats as put down in his prose work A VISION. The poem begins with the gyred symbol and it is said to be turning continuously. This denotes the constant change that is always taking place in the individual as well as in the world. Yeats mystical view of the history and the future of the world is contained in this symbol. Gyres are cone shaped spirals that intersect so that each gyres narrowest point is contained inside the widest part of the other. The gyres represent different elemental forces in the historical cycle, each beginning in a concentrating point and degenerating into chaos or vice versa. The two interpenetrating cones move in opposite direction to each other. A Critical Analysis of education system in Pakistan EssayThere are no digressions or comic relief in the play. That is the reason it is considered more classical in content than Elizabethan. The language is unique, in that it is a colloquial Gaelic dialect mixed wit English which Singe has reproduced. It is the spoken language of the Island community. The atmosphere, tone, character, content, all contribute toward making it one of the best tragedies written in the twentieth century. IV Essay : 5. Concept of epiphany with reference to A Portrait of an Artist as a Young The novel Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man begins with Stephen Man. Dealers first memories, when he was about three yr old. The fragmented lines AR from a childhood story and a nursery song, and are linked with family associations, sensory perceptions, and pieces of conversations. In this opening scene, Joyce is presenting to us the genesis of a future artists perception as well as interpretation the world. Moving from Stephens infancy to his early days at Closeness Wood College, a Jesuit boarding school for boys, Joyce focuses on three key incidents which significantly affect Stephens personality. The first of these is the incident where Stephen was pushed into an open cesspool by a classmate who was a bully. Afterwards , he had fever and had to be confined to the school infirmary. It is this incident which made him feel that he was an outsider,different from others. Another incident occurred when he was six yr old at the time of his visit home, for Christmas vacations. On that day, he was invited to eat dinner with the family, at the dining table, for the first time. However, the happy occasion was marred by a heat political argument between Stephens old nurse, Dante Ordain, and a guest, Mr.. Casey. It created confusions in the young boy, on religion and politics in the adult world. On returning to school after that incident, he broke his spectacles and was unable to complete his glasswork. He was punished for that, unjustly humiliated by the class Prefect. However, he was encouraged by a kind classmate, to go to the rector of the school with the matter , and he obtained Justice. After the summer vacation, Stephen learnt of his fathers reversal in finance and he had to g up his education at the boarding school and enrolled in a less prestigious Jesuit Dad School, Belvedere College. Here, he got a reputation as an award-winning essay writer and an actor. Despite these successes, Stephen felt alienated from his classmates due to his growing religious skepticism and deep interest in literature and writing. This feeling of isolation, further intensified, when he learnt about his fathers weaknesses following a trip to Cork. Frustrated by his loss of faith in the Catholic Church, added to the family misfortunes, Stephen took to satisfying the desires of his heart. He wandered through the brothels of Dublin city and got solace in the company of a prostitute. At the time he fourteen yr old. After a brief period of sinful living Stephen attended a three-day spiritual retreat . He was overwhelmed with the sense of guilt and remorse, he felt FRR. Randal, the spiritual counselor was speaking directly to him. He rededicated himself to a life devotion. He spent the following days in fervent prayers and continued in religious activities. Noticing Stephens pious behavior, the direct school arranged a meeting to encourage Stephen to pursue a priestly v beginning, this flattered Stephen, and he was momentarily fascinated possibilities of a clerical life. But soon he realized his limitations, as he gain, to carnal desires. He finally became aware of his inherent sinful consequently gave up the idea of becoming a priest. Later, Stephen University, where he hoped to shape his destiny as an artist. It is at this has a visual experience of seeing a girl wading in the sea. It proves to b epiphany. She becomes to him a symbol of the attraction, the promise abandon which he wishes to experience in life. At this moment that he that he could hope to gain this experience only through a life dedicate Shortly thereafter, Stephen began a new life as a young man in search values and creed. In comparison with other college students, Stephen anti-social and more concerned with pursuing his own interests, than cause of others. Unlike his peers he became more introspective :he did devil-may- care attitude of the common University student. Although h continued his faith in the Catholic church, he no longer allowed its ten shape his attitude to all things. Through conversations with friends and studies, Stephen eventually developed his own aesthetic theory of art , philosophies of Aristotle and Aquinas. He realized that if ever he wishes artistic soul, then he must sever all ties of faith, family and country. He Dublin and go abroad to forge his souls uncreated conscience. 6. To the Lighthouse as a an example off novel employing the stream consciousness technique. This modernist novel is the story of the to the lighthouse which is going to be undertaken by Mrs.. Ramsey with and children. The novel opens with Mrs. Ramsey assuring her son James weather will be nice enough for the trip to the lighthouse the next day. Then asserts that the weather would not be fine for the trip. This Provo James to want to impale and kill his father. Mrs.. Ramsey sits knitting a the Lighthouse keepers little boy. He has tuberculosis in the hips. Chair agrees with Mr.. Ramsey regarding the weather being favorable for the trip the next day. Mrs.. Ramsey, ruminates on this conversation and real neither she nor her children find Mr.. Ramsey agreeable; he was audio centered. The opening chapter introduces all the main characters Apart fro the Ramsey there is the artist Lily Brioche who is from the nee She started painting a portrait of Mrs.. Ramsey, and she has set up her garden. Mr.. William Banks, also from the village is a constant visitor he frequent association has developed an alliance with Lily. Stream of technique was introduced into English fiction in the 18th century, by La Sterne, with his novel Tristan Shanty. The modernist novelists have p and Virginia Wolf is one of them. Usually this technique of writing is u capture the unspoken thoughts and feelings of a character without rest objective narration, or dialogue. Len the novel, action occurs not in the e but in the minds and feelings of the characters and which is expressed by them in the narration. Although there is a narrative voice, a large part of the narration consists of the exposition of each characters consciousness. Some sections use entire pages without letting sin objective voice interrupt the flow of thoughts of a single character. As a literary device, this technique was perhaps the most fitting counterpart to contemporary theories of Freud about the human consciousness. Therefore writers of this period was influenced by the Freudian theories about the state of the human thoughts as well as the unconscious. They sought in various ways to depict the human consciousness in the writings especially in novels. Although stream of consciousness as the name implies, is the illumination f thoughts and feelings that characters consciously experience, Wolf reaches much further into the human mind than a conventional narrative. This novelist uses h this technique to provide an intimate view of a characters interiorly. She succeeds in expressing the flow of each characters thoughts, and weaves them together into a narrative, that flows seamlessly from one characters thought to anothers, without any obvious break or disruption. Wolf has also employed the technique of free direct discourse whereby dialogues are written without quotation marks. Even phrase and passages are given without quotation marks. This form of narration is done in the third person. At the same time, it conveys a sense of the characters internal thoughts from the characters own experience, thereby expressing the thoughts, somewhere between a first -person and a third- person mode of narrative. Wolfs use of stream of consciousness and free indirect discourse enhance the themes of the novel. To the Lighthouse forcefully conveys the subjective experience of reality, Wolf suggests that reality is more like the accumulation of the various perspectives and experiences of individuals.